Building construction



Aug. 31 1926. 1,598,145

M. LOZANO BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed Dec. 8, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 W 7 31mm" kw attorney;

M. LOZANO BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Fd Dec. 8. 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 Z W 11W 'ENTOR.

A TTORNEY.

Patented Aug. 31, 1926.

insanerice.

MANUEL 'LOZANO, OFJHO'USTOII, TEXAS.

BUILDING consrnucrron.

Application filed December My invention relates to an improved form of concrete building construction. Itpertains particularly to buildings designed to be fireproof and, although it is contemplated that cement and concrete will be largely used in the erection of the building, it is to be understood that other equivalent fireproof material may be employed.

It is an object of-thevinvention to provide a means for constructing buildings of concrete, tile, or other artiiical stone whereby the structure may be conveniently and cheaply erected, and-firmly bound together so that it will endure for long periods.

It is desired-to employ separate units in the construction of the building, so formed that they can be placed in position and bound there by cement, so that there will be formed, in effect, a unitary structure of concrete or cement. 7

It is also an object to so construct the units that they-can be easily mounted in position and secured against removal. :Itis desired that the units will be uniform-and interchangeable as far as possible.

Referring to the drawings herewith, wherein the invention is disclosed, Fig.1 is a perspective interior view ofa room of a building in which myinvention has been employed, partsbeing broken away for greater clearness. Fig. 2 is a broken sectional view through a ceiling construction. Fig. 3 is a broken perspective vew 'o'f an upright wall member such as is shown in Fig. '1. Fig. 4 is a perspective broken view of a wall employin g a slightly different embodiment of the invention. Fig. ,5 is asimilar view illustrating a still different wall construction. Figs'ti and 7 are perspective views of building units. Fig. S'is a perspective view of a roof construction, some parts being broken away in section. F igs.'9, 10, 11 and 12 are broken sections of ceiling construction, such as I contemplate maybe used in carrying out the invention. Like numerals vof reference are employed to designatelike parts in all the views.

In carrying out my invention, I contemplate forming a supporting foundation for the building structure in any preferredmanner, depending upon the type of building structure which is to be erected. In the drawing, Fig. 1, I have shown a foundation consisting of slabs '1 ofconcrete or other similar material, supported in horizontal position upon blocks 2 of stone or concrete,

8 1925. .SeriaLNo. 73,999.

saidblocks being spaced .apart at intervals along the base ofthe structure. The slabs 1,which I employ as. a foundation or base, are shown as be'ng of a width slightly greaterthanthe thickness of the wall which is to' be erected thercombut it is obvious that the said base may be made in any desired width, or shaped to accommodate the building.

Upon the base thus provided, I place the lower tier of units which form the support for the upper portion of the building. I have shown in Fig. 1 a series of blocks 3 of concrete or tile, or other similar rigid construction, said blocks being .mounted in alignment along the sides andend of the building to form the first division of the building itself and may be'likened to the sills of an ordinary building structure. The construction of the blocks 3 is shown best in Fig. 7. The block comprises two opposite flattened uprights 5 connected vertically between the. two sides by a web 6. The said web extends short of the lower end and flush with the channel in the upper end of theblock. "The channel is formed by two upwardly extending flanges 7 at each of the opposite faces of the block.

These base blocks are supported as shown in Fig. 1 upon the foundation and when in position are ready to receive the uprights 8 thereon. These uprights answer not only as studs to support the ceiling,'but alsoaas walls for the inner and outer portions of the building structure. The construction which is employed in Fig. 1 may be seen in Fig. 3 where a broken section of theupright 8, is seen. It has two opposite slabs 9 of concrete or tile, reinforced as desired, said opposite slabs being connected centrally by the web 10. Said web, as in the case of the base blocks, is extended to a point short of the lower end to provide a channel 11 below the same. At its upper end the web comes materially below the ends of theslabs, which it connects, and the inner slab 12 is slightly shorter than the outer slab 18. These uprights are constructed of such size as to fit within the channel at the upper ends of thebase blocks 3, as shown best in Fig. 1. When thus erected on the base in position enclosing the chamber within the structure in the man ner shown in Fig. 1, the base blocks. together with the uprights, may be tied together permanently by concrete. If desired, rods or dowels 14, may be set in the foundation 1, as shownat the right in Fig. 1, so as to engage with the concrete. This material is poured in its freshly mixed condition from the upper end of the uprights downwardly through the channels formed on each structure which is practically unitary will be thus provided.

A wall thus erected is adapted to accommodate a strip of board 16 which may be laid along the upper ends of the webs 10 in the uprights. A closure for the space within the upper ends of the uprights is thus provided, so that wet concrete or cement may bepoured into the space above the board 16 in a manner which will be obvious from inspection of Fig. 1. Before pouring the concrete, however, ceiling joists are placed across the enclosed space from one side to the other in the manner shown. These joists 17 are constructedpreferably as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. In cross section they are approximately H-shaped, the upper channel therein being slightly deeper than the lower one. These joists 17 are made of cement or concrete preferably. Reinforced by longitudinal rods 18, the ends are extended through the upper ends of the uprights through openings specially provided therefor. The ends do not, however, extend completely through to the outer wall 13 of the uprights, thereby allowing space at the ends of the joists through which cement may be poured. I prefer also to extend the reinforcing rods 18 both upwardly and downwardly at the ends of the joists and engage these rods about longitudinal reinforcing rods 19, which are placed in position within the space between the outer and inner walls of the uprights, asshown in the drawing. In this manner, the joists may be anchored in position. To further reinforcethe ceiling which is then to be placed in position, I contemplate positioning within the upper channel of the joists a series of anchoring rods 20, which may also, be connected with the cross rods 19 at the ends, .in the manner shown.

Upon these joists, I place the slabs 21- of reinforced concrete, said. slabs being a sufficient length to extend between adjacent joists, or between the joists and the adjacent upright, in such manner as to leave the channel in the joists open, as shown in Fig. 2. When thus placed in position and the reinforcing rods properly positioned, I turn in tothe channels in the uprights, and also in the joists, a quantity of concrete, as shown at 22. This concrete not only fills the channels above the board 16 in the uprights, but forms a layer 23 above the ceiling, which constitutes a roof or may, if desired, form a floor of a second story to the building. IVhen this concrete is properly set, it furnishes a unitary bond connecting all the members at the upper side of the enclosed room or chamber.

- I may then,'if desired, place above the outer wall an ornamental row of blocks 25 of any desired shape formed as are the base blocks with an interior web, into which the cement may project, and thus tie the said blocks 25 in position at the upper end of the wall. This could be done where the roof is flat, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.

The floor of the enclosure between the walls as thus erected may be made in any desired manner. Obviously a floor of concrete could be poured within the base, or'as indicated in Fig. 1, floor joists 26 could be laid from one wall to the other supported, if desired, upon end joists or sills 27, which may be supported upon blocks 28 mounted upon the foundation slabs, as indicated. Upon the wooden joists thus laid in position, the usual wooden floor could be laid.

In the building construction just described, the operation is manifestly very simple and inexpensive and may be performed by unskilled labor. I have provided, however, for modifying the type of units shown in connection with this construction just described, and in Figs. 4 and 6 another slightly different embodiment is illustrated. The foundation is formed as in the previous modification and the base blocks 3 are mounted thereon. The construction of the base blocks is shown in Fig. 6. They include the two side slabs having outer faces to form the wall sections, these two slabs being connected by two transverse webs 29, which form between them an interior upright channel 30, adapted to receive an upright post. It will be noted that the upright posts or studs 31 are fitted within the central openings 30 and extend from the base upwardly to fit within the lower channel 32 int-he upper blocks 33. Each of the posts is preferably formed with laterally extending metal brackets 34 therein, as shown in Fig. 4, said brackets being in alignment and formed with central openings to receive an upright rod or pipe 35. By thismeans, the said rod is firmly secured to the studs slightly spaced therefrom at each side of said studs. Vhen the uprights have been placed in position, I may or may not fill the channels, indicated at 36, in the base blocks with cement to-assist in tying them firmly together at the lower ends. The inner walls maybe formed of horizontally extending slabs 37, said slabs having adjacent 'to receive cement or concrete.

their ends inwardlyprojecting straps38 of ductile metal, which may be bent around the rods upon the studs so as to hold'the said slabs 3? tirmly in positionagainst the upri 'hts. This construction is indicated best iill igl, and the application thereof will be obvious from thistigure.

The cross members or as 33 at the upper ends of the .studs are provided with channels 39, above the studs, which are adapted As in the previous embodiment, rods extending through said concrete servo to tie theadjacent units lirmlytogcther. The ceiling or root may/be set upon this-type of wall in the same manner-as indicated in the previous embodiment.

.lfn'liig. 5, l have shown upright studs 31 as to mod .with-mcans thereon to secure to the oists metallath or other similar means upon. which plaster maybe placed. 'llhese securing means comprise plates ll which may he sharpened at their outer ends and any he of bendable material so that when extended through the lath, they may be bent aterally to clamp the said lath securely to the inner and outer faces of the studs. Upon the lath thus mounted a plaster 42 of cement or. other similar material may be placed.

lnl igs. Ste 12, lhave shown a plurality ot-modifications oi my ceiling structure. In Fig. 9 the cross members, which serve the place of ts, are termed of two upright plates of cement or similar material having an inwardly projecting flange 48 thereon to provide a supnort tor a board or other similar support A channel is thus provided for the purpose of receiving cement, as in the previous embodiment, and the slabs 21 extend across from one side of the joists to the adjacent side of the next parallel joist. The lower o1" the side pieces l5 constituting the ceiling joists may be provided with clamping members 41, as in case of the studs 31 previously described. A ceiling lath L6 may thus be clamped to the lower sides of the studs to receive plaster, if desired. A layer of concrete 4L7 similar in all respects to the ceiling 23 in Fig. 2 is then poured over the ceiling slabs covering the same and filling the channels within the joists.

This iction may be modified as hown in Fig. 10 by dispensing with the ransverse slabs 21 at the upper sides of the oists and supporting the cement 4L7 torming the ceiling by means of arched strips or" metal lath 49 of strong material sufficient to support the weight of the cement while it is drying. The ends of this supporting intermediate metal lath are adapted to rest upon flanges extending laterally from the lower edges of he plates 4-5.

In Fig. 11 the joists supporting the coiling are made very similar to the joists 17 in the first embodiment, except that lateral flanges 50 are provided at the lower sides thereof to furnish a support for hollow tile 51, asdndicated. This tile is made in the usual manner, havinga keystone shape in transverse section and are supported at their sides adjacent the joists by means otashoulder SQadap-ted to;rest;upon thellangesbl). The layer of cement 47 is poured within the upper channels of the joists and across the upperiaces of the hollow tiles. This ,is a simple, economical construction, which will be readily.understood. Fig. 12 illustrates the modification. ot-mydnvention so thaha wooden ceiling maybe used. To accommodate this structure the ceiling joists 17 are shaped'to receive transverse beams 54: of wood in the lower channels thereof, and to these members the ceiling boards53 may be secured by nailing or otherwise, in an obvious manner. The beams 54: are secured to the joists by bolts which extend through openings in the lower portions of the cement joists and through registered openings in the beams. The ceiling above the boards is constructed as in the Fig. 2 embodiment.

l have shown the ceiling as being constructed so as to forma root, if desired,

the impervious layeroi cement or concrete 47 providin a model root. It may bedesirable to rorin-a root of ordinary shape having the two sides thereof inclined downwardly from the center, as shown in Fig. 8. In. such case, the transverse supportingjoists for the roof are made approximately U- shape in transverse section. These joists '56 thus furnish an upper channelwvhich may be filled with concrete, and l contemplate placing therein reinforcing rods 57 adapted to be bent into shape to intertit with the root supports and the joists. Uprights 58 are spaced. along the upper faces of the joists. These uprights being solid posts of wood or cement having downwardly extending pins or rods 59 thereon projecting into the upper channel of the studs 56. The uprights are of different length to support the inclined beams 60 in an obvious manner.

The said beams 60 are inclined from. the ridge of the roof downwardly to the side of the building. They are 01 channel construction having a transverse web 61 therein, which rests upon the upper ends of the uprights 58. The upper portion channel to receive the cement, as in the previous embodiments. The slabs 62 forming the roofare divided with rows of downwardly extending pins 63 which extend into the channels above the web 61, and when the said channels are filled with concrete, the roof boards will be held firmly in position, as may be clearly understood from the drawings. It will be noted that the rods 57 within the ceiling joists are intended to furnishing a be extended upwardly within the interior of the roof beams 60 so that when the coment is poured therein, theparts will be held together in such manner as to under go longitudinal strains and firmly support theroof.

- I contemplate, of course, that the different embodiments of the invention may be combined in any manner desired. The ceiling construction shown in Figs. 9 to 12 inclusive may be employed with any of the wall constructions, or if desired, the root may be made as in Fig. 8, the ceiling of the room below being formed in the manner indicated in Figs. 9 to 12 inclusive. Manifestly, also, the walls may be formed as in Figs. 1, 4 and 5, and either of these embodiments may be employed with any desired one of the ceiling or root constructions.

The principal advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the walls of the structure may be easily and quickly erected from prepared units, and when erected, may be united in a unitarystructure by the employment of cement or concrete poured in the manner shown and described. Then a structure thus made is completed, it is of exceptionally strong construction and fireproof. It is obvious that it may be made as cheaply as the usual type of fame construction, due to the fact that the units may be manufactured in large quantities by machinery in the shop and may be erected by unskilled labor on the site upon which the building is erected. Further advantages of this construction will be obvious to those skilled in the art. I

\Vhat I claim as new and desire to protect by Letters Patent is 1. In a building construction, upright supporting columns, ceiling beams supported on said columns, ceiling supporting means on said beams, means to support a layer of concrete at the upper ends of said columns, and a layer of concrete thereon and on said ceilslabs and filling the spaces between said plates for the purpose described.

3. In a building construction, rigid walls, cement ceiling beams of channelled construc; tion, means between said beams to support concrete, and a layer of concrete above said beams and concrete supporting means connecting said beams integrally together.

4. In a building construction, upright supports, ceiling beams thereon having upright channeled faces, ceiling slabs between said beams, and a layer of concrete within the channels of said beams and covering said slabs in the manner described.

5,- In a building construction having upright side walls and a ceiling wall connecting said side walls, the combination of an integral layer of concrete connected with said side walls and overlying said ceiling wall and serving to'bind together the side walls across said ceiling wall.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature this 4th day of December, A. D.,

MANUEL LOZANO. 

